In Kerala, even though 60% of milk requirement is met through procurement from other states like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra, cattle rearing is fast declining due to high cost of production and labour shortage. The heavy dependence on other states for raw materials, push up the cost of concentrate feeds. Hay which was fed to the cattle became scares due to decline in area under rice cultivation. For mitigating this situation incorporating the required green fodder is the only way for profitable Dairy management. 

The poultry population in Pathanamthitta district is estimated to be 359185 nos. Egg  production from the present poultry population  is not able to meet the egg requirement of the district which as recommended by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is 180 egg/person/year as against the availability of 92 eggs/head/year amounting to a demand of 22 crores eggs with a supply of only 11.35 crores . Thus the deficit stands at 10.6 crores eggs to meet the total demand of the population of the district. This itself indicates that there is immense scope for further development in the field of layer farming in Pathanamthitta district. . Available  records with the animal husbandry department of Pathanamthitta reports that of  3,59,185 numbers of poultry fowls in the district 1,85,858 are of desi or indigenous type while 1,73,327 are of the improved variety indicating that around 51.74% of the total poultry population of the district account to Desi variety. Albeit the fact that the native chicken varieties are sturdy, well adapted to harsh living conditions and relatively immune to many common diseases of poultry, their productivity is low due to their poor laying potential.

Rice the most important cereal crop grown in Kerala is cultivated  in an area of about 2.89 lakhs ha with 6.67 lakhs tones production. The figure is well short of the actual demand of over 40lakhs tones. The area under rice cultivation in 1970^s was 8.7 lakhs ha which declined by 66.7 percent by 2004-2005.The major reason being the  rice cultivation becomes less remunerative due to  high cost of cultivation forcing farmers to leave paddy fields fallow for years making it difficult for revival. Further the present Paddy production situation in the state is alarming with resultant threat to food security of the state by itself. Also recently the availability of rice from other states has witnessed difficulties due to demand exceeds supply in those states. Hence, introduction of suitable locally adoptable technologies with appropriate refinement at local level would be an apt option to make paddy cultivation more remunerative, their by bring back substantial paddy fallows under cultivation. The ICM technology evolves the integrated use of compatible technologies that meet farmer’s needs and improve their productivity and income. According to new technology (ICM) farmer has the choice of selection of suitable practices from the basket of options such as selection of locally adapted rice varieties, use of good quality seeds, practices in raising seedlings for transplanting, crop need based nutrient application, irrigation scheduling, Integrated pest management etc.

India is the largest producer and consumer of banana in the world. In Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, among the major crops, after rubber only banana shows a steady increase in area and production. According to latest statistics available, the crop is growing in an area of 4642 ha. It assumes first position in providing livelihood security to the poor and marginal farmers of the district .The steady demand for banana due to its varied uses and wide adaptability to different farming situations makes it small farmer’s favorite crop. The dwindling farm holdings also make this crop a practical alternative for other crops.